Delphi制作的计算器

Posted on 2009-10-21 by

最近一直在找工作，可惜没什么进展，今天放假那么学学Delphi吧！

按照前几天老师的思路，

显示框中默认为空（显示框的Name为Edit1），按下数字键则显示框中增加一个该字符：Edit1.Text ：=Edit1.Text+'8'；（假设按下数字键8，如按下7则修改为7.）

运算符号的作用则是将显示框中的值转换为整型并存入事先声明的全局变量Sum1中，然后将显示框中的值置空，等待输入下一个值：Sum1 ：=StrToFloat（Edit1.Text）；  Edit1.Text：='';

等号的作用则是进行最后的计算，将第二次显示框中输入的值与第一次存储的值Sum1进行运算，如进行加法运算则：Edit1.Text ：=FloatToStr（StrToFloat（Edit1.Text）+Sum1）；如进行其他运算则只需将加好修改为其他运算符号即可。

但是在实际编写的过程中却又遇到了另外一些问题，比如计算是在按下等号时执行的，如何判断该进行哪种运算呢？那么此处必须加上判断语句，由于有四种运算方法，用If太繁琐，那么用Case吧。但是用什么作为判断的条件呢？所以我们必须在前面按下运算符时将运算符的值存储起来，用作此处的判断条件。那么声明变量：var symbol：integer；在每种运算符后添加一行symbol ：=1；（加减乘除分别记为1、2、3、4），然后在等号，即结果运算处加一个条件判断：

Case symbol of

1: Edit1.Text :=IntToStr(StrToInt(Edit1.Text)+sum1);
2: Edit1.Text :=IntToStr(sum1-StrToInt(Edit1.Text));
3: Edit1.Text :=IntToStr(sum1*StrToInt(Edit1.Text));
4: Edit1.Text :=IntToStr(sum1 / StrToInt(Edit1.Text));

通过以上步骤，一个计算器就基本成型了，在加上一些差错控制就基本可以用了。

下面附上我制作的计算器图：

计算器

程序地址：

http://dl.getdropbox.com/u/466857/Delphi/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%99%A8.exe

代码：

unit Calculator2;

interface

uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Edit1: TEdit;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
Button4: TButton;
Button5: TButton;
Button6: TButton;
Button7: TButton;
Button8: TButton;
Button9: TButton;
Button10: TButton;
Button11: TButton;
Button12: TButton;
Button13: TButton;
Button14: TButton;
Button15: TButton;
Button16: TButton;
Button17: TButton;
Button18: TButton;
Button19: TButton;
Button20: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button5Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button6Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button7Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button8Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button9Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button10Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button13Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button12Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button14Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button15Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button16Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button11Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button17Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button18Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button19Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button20Click(Sender: TObject);
private

public
{ Public declarations }
end;

var
Form1: TForm1;
sum1:Extended;
symbol:integer;
implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'7')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'8')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'9')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'4')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button5Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'5')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button6Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'6')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button7Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'1')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button8Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'2')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button9Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'3')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button10Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'0')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button13Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
sum1:=StrToFloat('0'+Edit1.Text );
Edit1.Text :='';
symbol:=1
end;

procedure TForm1.Button14Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
sum1:=StrToFloat('0'+Edit1.Text );
Edit1.Text :='';
symbol:=2
end;

procedure TForm1.Button15Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
sum1:=StrToFloat('0'+Edit1.Text );
Edit1.Text :='';
symbol:=3
end;

procedure TForm1.Button16Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
sum1:=StrToFloat('0'+Edit1.Text );
Edit1.Text :='';
symbol:=4
end;

procedure TForm1.Button19Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Edit1.Text ='0' then Edit1.Text :='零没有倒数'
else Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(1/StrToFloat('0'+Edit1.Text));
end;

procedure TForm1.Button20Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Edit1.Text ='' then Edit1.Text :='请输入一个底数'
else Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(sqrt(StrToFloat(Edit1.Text)));
end;

procedure TForm1.Button11Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(0-StrToFloat('0'+Edit1.Text ))
end;

procedure TForm1.Button17Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Edit1.Text ='' then Edit1.Text :='0';
Edit1.Text :=(Edit1.Text+'.')
end;

procedure TForm1.Button18Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Edit1.Text :=''
end;

procedure TForm1.Button12Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Edit1.Text ='' then Edit1.Text :='0' ;
Case symbol of
1: Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(StrToFloat(Edit1.Text)+sum1);
2: Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(sum1-StrToFloat(Edit1.Text));
3: Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(sum1*StrToFloat(Edit1.Text));
4:  if Edit1.Text='0' Then Edit1.Text :='除数不能为零'
else Edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(sum1/StrToFloat(Edit1.Text));
end;
end;

end.

Posted in Windows, 软件试用 | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Cnbeta居然不能评论了

Posted on 2009-10-01 by

突然感觉无聊了……

当你想上Youtube看看视频的时候突然发现Youtube被东篱把酒黄昏后墙了，

当你想去Twitter看看你跟随的人时突然发现Twitter也被挡在局域网之外，

当你实在无法忍受在局域网中坐井观天，想去体验下功夫网外面的风景时，突然发现墙居然被临时加厚了，

Free门不能用了，puff连官方网站都打不开了，最后不得不去试试慢的难以忍受的Tor，但是，洋葱居然……

试试VPN？算了，已经完全没兴致了。

算了，我我看看局域网总可以了吧！

但是，饭否，叽歪，嘀咕，有一个可用吗，火兔虽然可以登录但也在维护，不能显示这几天的消息，

甚至一直很喜欢的爱枣报也被维护了！

到最后突然发现CB（Cnbeta）也不能评论了，

刚开始我还以为自己网速慢，但刷了即便都是同样的结果……

没有评论的CB我们看什么呢？就看看那短的可怜的几行新闻？

也许张越也怕引火上身吧！

也许还有很多和张越一样怕引火上身的人，所以今天很多网站和博客都特别干净，所以我也就特别无聊……

Posted in 我的心情 | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

傲游准备开发Linux版本？？

Posted on 2009-09-28 by

下面为官网招聘页截图，地址：http://jobs.maxthon.com/jobs.htm?id=E08

傲游

最近傲游是动作频频，先是发布了采用WebKit内核的遨游3测试版，如今又发布了这样的招聘，难道傲游真的要准备抛弃IE，抛弃Windows了吗？

也许从去年番茄花园的洪磊被抓开始各大软件厂商就开始注意Linux了吧，正是以前他们的纵容才造成了现在的结果吧。现在Windows一家独大，想进入哪个领域，基本上只要捆佳节又重阳绑，很难有哪个对手能有还手之力，比如很明显的IE，还有盗版系统帮助捆佳节又重阳绑的OFFICE，还有……

也许正是因为不愿看到这样的结果吧，很多软件公司已经开始改变了，虽然只是一小步……

  • 对Windows死忠的腾讯推出了Linux版QQ：http://im.qq.com/qq/linux/
  • PPStream也推出了Linux版本：http://dl.pps.tv/
  • 支付宝安全控件开始支持Linux下常用的Firefox：http://blog.alipay.com/102.html
  • 网易、搜狐都开始提供开源镜像：http://mirrors.163.com/  ，http://mirrors.sohu.com/
  • 雨林木风也开始推出Linux系统：http://www.ylmf.net/read.php?tid=1371899    ，
  • …………

正因为这样，所以傲游3居然不把IE当做主要的浏览器引擎，希望用户能慢慢过渡直至抛弃IE。

从这些也就不难想象为什么傲游要推出Linux版本的浏览器了！

Linux版的傲游，来的更猛烈些吧！

Posted in ubuntu | Tagged , , | 2 Comments

关于Ubuntu的乱码问题！

Posted on 2009-05-09 by

使用ubuntu也算有一段时间了，说实话，使用ubuntu最郁闷的事莫过于随处可见的乱码，网页中的flash乱码、Rhythmbox中的歌曲信息乱码、mplayer播放器字幕乱码，wine乱码等等.

一、先说说网页中的flash乱码吧:

刚刚装上的ubuntu默认浏览器是Firefox，但是Ubuntu默认不安装像flash这种带版权的软件。所以当你浏览像youku这种带有flash的网页时，firefox会提示你安装缺失插件，选择安装Flash插件后确实是可以显示flash了，不过你会发现，在flash上面的中文都是方框！

那么说下解决方法吧：

终端中输入:

cd /etc/fonts/conf.d/

sudo cp 49-sansserif.conf 49-sansserif.conf_backup

sudo gedit ./49-sansserif.conf

将其中的第1、2、4个后面的sans-serif用你自己系统中的中文字体的名字代替，

比如：我的系统中安装了wqy-zenhei.ttf(文泉驿，ubuntu中文自带），我则用wqy-zenhei代替上述所说的字段，结果如下：

<match target=”pattern”>
<test qual=”all” name=”family” compare=”not_eq”>
<string>wqy-zenhei</string>
</test>
<test qual=”all” name=”family” compare=”not_eq”>
<string>wqy-zenhei</string>
</test>
<test qual=”all” name=”family” compare=”not_eq”>

<string>monospace</string>

</test>

<edit name=”family” mode=”append_last”>
<string>wqy-zenhei</string>
</edit>
</match>

（方法参考：http://blog.csdn.net/liujin4049/archive/2008/06/06/2518507.aspx）

二、然后是Rhythmbox中的歌曲信息乱码：

先安装mutagen：sudo apt-get install python-mutagen

然后转到你的MP3目录，例如我的歌曲放在系统的音乐文件夹则输入：cd /home/holmesrain（此为我的用户名，你需要换成你的用户名）/音乐

执行以全命令进行转换：mid3iconv -e GBK *.mp3

再用Rhythmbox重新导入歌曲文件夹就行了！

（方法参考：http://hi.baidu.com/luckdst/blog/item/071bd0270fb67e0b918f9d1c.html）

三、wine乱码：

从wine的菜单中选择browse C:\Driver,进入windows文件夹，双击运行regedit.exe文件。

搜索： LogPixels
找到的行应该是：HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Hardware Profiles\Current\Software\Fonts
将其中的：
“LogPixels”=dword:00000060
改为：
“LogPixels”=dword:00000070

搜索： FontSubstitutes
找到的行应该是：HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes
将其中的：
“MS Shell Dlg”=”Tahoma”
“MS Shell Dlg 2″=”Tahoma”

改为：
“MS Shell Dlg”=”SimSun”

“MS Shell Dlg 2″=”SimSun”

退出注册表就会发现一切OK了。

（参考:http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=151149)

本文所有问题都是使用ubuntu的过程中，很容易碰到的一些问题，由于我也是新手，所以当我碰到这些问题时会上网去查找方法，但在寻找的过程中，我发现网上的很多资料良莠不齐，很容易误导新手。

所以，当我最后找到方法并解决问题后我希望将这些方法分享出来，希望广大向我一样的新手能够少走些弯路。本文的方法可能不是最好的，所以如果你有好一点的方法希望你能告诉我，谢谢了!

Posted in ubuntu | Tagged , , , , | 4 Comments

终于又回到了Linux的怀抱！

Posted on 2009-04-29 by

终于，我终于摒弃了万恶的Windows，回到了我们伟大的linux的怀抱！

从大一开始听说ubuntu，突然发现原来Linux离我们并不远，原来世界上竟然有这么好用的linux，但苦于没有自己的电脑，网吧的机子无法实验!所以当时我的理想就是拥有一台属于自己的电脑然后装上美妙的ubuntu，然后尽情享受！

然后到了大二，我终于花1200买了一台旧电脑！当然，回来第一件事就是全盘格式化，然后装上了传说中的ubuntu7.10，然后自然是尽情探索linux的美妙世界了。终于，我用上了传说中的shell（终端），终于会用sudo apt-get，还很得意得，“原来shell也不过如此嘛！“然后又安装了compiz，开始体验传说中的3D桌面，然而，却仅限于此！没多久就玩腻了，再加上不能支持很多软件，特别是VS对战平台,所以没过几个月，终于熬不住了，又回到了windows！

然后，又经历很多这样的过程，最后终于坚决不用ubuntu了，就用了大概半年多的windows！但却一直有着种种的不愿意，看着win的界面，总感觉越看越丑，用着windows的软件总感觉越用越不爽，看着windows世界里无穷无尽的广告，软件无穷无尽的序列号，无穷无尽的破解版、绿色版，那么我只有一个出路——彻底回到ubuntu！

那么，终于，我回来了，在9.04发布后的第5天，也就是昨天，在将少量资料转移到同学电脑上后，终于开始了全盘格式化！由于我只有8.10的盘，所以先装了8.10，然后又花了一晚上的时间升级到9.04，今天早上终于用上了ubuntu！突然发现现在网易的源还是很不错的，我1.5M电信基本上在170左右，也就是我下载的极限速度了！顺便带上网易源的地址（9.04）：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

不过貌似有个很大的缺点就是文件不全，最后几个文件在官方源下载，居然只有几K的速度，那个郁闷阿！

不过，不管怎样，我已经回来了，而且没有特殊情况的话一定会坚持留在ubuntu！而且，我要学更多深层次的东西，比如熟练使用各种shell命令，熟悉系统的结构和配置，各种错误的解决方法等等！在努力学好Java吧，虽然也许对我们专业没多大用处，但总比整天Dota，整天守卫剑阁强！

那么，努力吧！  :mrgreen:

Posted in 7107, 我的心情 | Tagged , , | 7 Comments

我常用的几个firefox插件

Posted on 2009-03-27 by

说起firefox，我已经使用了将近3年了！从当初大一的时候每次上网吧都非要下载个Firefox去看网页，到大二买了电脑就毫不犹豫的装上了Firefox，到现在百分之七八十的时候都是用的firefox，说实话我已经离不开Firefox了。

那么作为一个Firefox的fans，我就给你们介绍我常用的几个插件吧！

  1. 这个，也就是我每次重装Firefox后最先装的插件，叫做Flashgot，听名字与Flashget有点像，但它却并不是一个下载软件，它只是一个下载管理器而已。也许你对下载管理器这个概念还不熟悉，那么举个例子吧：在你安装flashgot之前，你如果想下载网站上的东西，你要么只能通过浏览器自带的下载器进行下载，要么复制链接地址再粘贴到下载软件中，当然这并不是我们所习惯和喜欢的方式。当你安装了flashgot之后，当你再点击下载链接时就会自动调用你的下载软件进行下载了。下载地址：https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/220
  2. Adblock plus，一个超级好用的广告过滤软件，最重要的是支持自定义过滤规则。下载地址：https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/1865

  3. 至于效果，不多说了，用事实说话：

  4. colorful tabs，一个有些人认为也许花哨的插件主要是让浏览期的标签栏呈现不同的色彩，可以设置随机色彩或者让指定的网站的标签页呈现指定的色彩，比如说让经常上的音乐网站呈现一种色彩，让自己的blog呈现一种色彩，让google reader呈现一种色彩。不过本人比较懒惰，所以让所有标签栏都是随机色彩，效果见上面两张图。下载地址：https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/1368

  5. 最后再介绍一下我所使用的主题吧，名字叫rein，效果从前面几张图可以看出来，总的来说我感觉还是很简洁，很干净的。下载地址：https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/7297

就这么多吧，要上课去了！

Posted in Windows | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

Operating System Interface Design Between 1981-2009(转)

Posted on 2009-03-14 by

A Graphical User Interface (GUI for short) allows users to interact with the computer hardware in a user friendly way.

Over the years a range of GUI’s have been developed for different operating systems such as OS/2, Macintosh, Windowsamiga, Linux, Symbian OS, and more.

We’ll be taking a look at the evolution of the interface designs of the major operating systems since the 80’s.

I should mention that this article showcases only the significant advances in GUI design (not operating system advances) and also not all of the graphical user interfaces and operating systems existing today.

The first GUI was developed by researchers at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the ’70s. This research opened a whole new era of computer graphic innovations.

The first personal computer which used a modern graphical user interface was the Xerox Alto, developed in 1973. This was not a commercial product and was intended mainly for research at universities.

1


1981-1985

Xerox 8010 Star (released in 1981)

This was the first system that was referred to as a fully integrated desktop computer including applications and a GUI. It was known as “The Xerox Star”, later renamed “ViewPoint” and later again renamed to “GlobalView”.

Xerox 8010 Star
Xerox 8010 Star, Source: toastytech.com


Apple Lisa Office System 1 (released in 1983)

Also referred to as Lisa OS, which in this case is short for Office System. It was developed by Apple with the intention of being a document processing workstation.

Unfortunately this workstation didn’t last, it was killed by Apple’s Macintosh operating system that was more affordable.

There were upgrades to Lisa OS, Lisa OS 2 in 1983 and Lisa OS 7/7 3.1 in 1984, that upgraded the system itself, but not the graphical user interface.

Apple Lisa 1
Apple Lisa OS 1, Source: GUIdebook


Apple Lisa OS 1
Apple Lisa OS 1, Source: GUIdebook


VisiCorp Visi On (released in 1984)

Visi On was the first desktop GUI developed for the IBM PC. This system was targeted towards big corporations and came with a high price tag. The GUI made use of a mouse, it had a built-in installer and help system and it didn’t use icons.

Visi On
VisiCoprt Visi On, Source: toastytech.com


Visi On
VisiCoprt Visi On, Source: toastytech.com


Mac OS System 1.0 (released in 1984)

System 1.0 was the first operating system GUI developed for the Macintosh. It had several features of a modern operating system, being windows based with icons. The windows could be moved around with the mouse and files and folders could be copied by dragging and dropping onto the target location.

Mac OS 1
Apple Mac System 1.0, Source: toastytech.com


Amiga Workbench 1.0 (released in 1985)

When first released, Amiga was ahead of its time. The GUI included features such as color graphics (four colors: black, white, blue, orange), preemptive multitasking, stereo sound and multi-state icons (selected and unselected).

Amiga Workbench 1.0
Amiga Workbench 1.0, Source: GUIdebook


Amiga Workbench 1.0
Amiga Workbench 1.0, Source: GUIdebook


Windows 1.0x (released in 1985)

In this year Microsoft finally caught up with the whole graphical user interface craze and released Windows 1.0, its first GUI based operating system (although no one would dare to refer to it as one). The system featured 32×32 pixel icons and color graphics. The most interesting feature (which later was omitted) was the icon of the animated analog clock.

Windows 1
Microsoft Windows 1.01, Source: makowski-berlin.de


Windows 1
Microsoft Windows 1.01, Source: makowski-berlin.de


GEM (released in 1985)

GEM (Graphical Environment Manager) was a windowing style GUI created by Digital Research, Inc. (DRI). It was initially created for use with the CP/M operating system on the Intel 8088 and Motorola 68000 microprocessors and was later developed to run on DOS as well. Most people will remember GEM as the GUI for the Atari ST computers. It was also used on a series Amstrad’s IBM compatible computers. It was the core for Ventura Publisher and a few other DOS programs. The GUI was also ported to other computers but did not gain popularity on them.

gem_11_desktop1
Source: Wikipedia


1986 - 1990

IRIX 3 (released in 1986, first release 1984)

The 64-bit IRIX operating system was created for UNIX. An interesting feature of this GUI is the support for vector icons. This feature was built into the GUI long before Mac OS X even existed.

irix-33
Silicon Graphics IRIX 3.0, Source: osnews.com


GEOS (released in 1986)

The GEOS (Graphic Environment Operating System) operating system was developed by Berkeley Softworks (later GeoWorks). It was originally designed for the Commodore 64 and included a graphical word processor, called geoWrite and a paint program called geoPaint.

geos_commodore_64
Source: Wikipedia


Windows 2.0x (released in 1987)

In this version, the actual management of the windows had significantly improved. The windows could be overlapped, resized, maximized and minimized.

Windows 2
Microsoft Windows 2.03, Source: guidebookgallery.org


Windows 2
Microsoft Windows 2.03, Source: guidebookgallery.org


OS/2 1.x (released in 198 8)

OS/2 was originally co-developed by IBM and Microsoft, but in 1991 the two companies split up, with Microsoft incorporating the technology in its own Windows GUI and IBM developing OS/2 further. The GUI used in OS/2 was called “Presentation Manager”. This version of the GUI only supported monochrome, fixed icons.

Os 2 1
Microsoft-IBM OS/2 1.1, Source: pages.prodigy.net


Os/2 1
Microsoft-IBM OS/2 1.1, Source: pages.prodigy.net


NeXTSTEP / OPENSTEP 1.0 (released in 1989)

Steve Jobs came up with the idea to create the perfect research computer for universities and research labs. This idea later evolved into a startup called NeXT Computer Inc.

The first NeXT computer was released in 1988, however significant advances were made in 1989 with the release of the NeXTSTEP 1.0 GUI, which later evolved into OPENSTEP.

The GUI’s icons were bigger (48×4 8) and it introduced more colors. The GUI was initially monochrome, but version 1.0 started supporting color monitors too. This screenshot gives you have a peek into what would become the modern GUIs.

Nextstep 1
NeXTSTEP 1.0, Source: kernelthread.com


OS/2 1.20 (released in 1989)

The next minor version upgrade of the GUI showed slight improvements in many areas. The icons looked nicer and the windows were smoother.

Os 2 12
OS/2 1.2, Source pages.prodigy.net


Windows 3.0 (released in 1990)

By this version, Microsoft had realized the real potential in GUI’s and started to significantly improve them.

The operating system itself supported standard and 386 enhanced modes, which made use of higher memory capacity than 640 KB and hard disk space, resulting in the ability to use higher screen resolutions and better graphics, such as Super VGA 800×600 and 1024×768.

Also, Microsoft hired Susan Kare to design the Windows 3.0 icons and to add a unified style to the GUI.

Windows 3
Microsoft Windows 3.0, Source: toastytech.com


Windows 3
Microsoft Windows 3.0, Source: toastytech.com


1991 - 1995

Amiga Workbench 2.04 (released in 1991)

Many improvements were made to this version of the GUI. The color scheme changed and a 3D look was introduced. The desktop could be divided vertically into screens of different resolutions and color depths, which nowadays seems a little odd. The default resolution of Workbench was 640×256, but the hardware supported larger resolutions too.

Amiga Workbench 2
Commodore Amiga Workbench 2.04, Source: guidebookgallery.org


Mac OS System 7 (released in 1991)

Mac OS version 7.0 was the first Mac OS GUI which supported colors. Subtle shades of grey, blue and yellow were added to icons.

Macos 7
Apple Mac OS System 7.0, Source: guidebookgallery.org


Macos 7
Apple Mac OS System 7.0, Source: guidebookgallery.org


Windows 3.1 (released in 1992)

This version of Windows included TrueType fonts which were pre-installed. This effectively made Windows a functional desktop publishing platform for the first time.

Previously, it was only possible to achieve such functionality in Windows 3.0 using the Adobe Type Manager (ATM) font system from Adobe. This version also contained a color scheme named Hotdog Stand, which contained bright hues of red, yellow and black.

This color scheme was designed to help people with some degree of color blindness see text/graphics on the screen easier.

windows_311_workspace
Source: Wikipedia


OS/2 2.0 (released in 1992)

This was the first GUI that was subjected to international acceptance, usability and accessibility testing. The entire GUI was developed using object-oriented design. Every file and folder was an object which could be associated with other files, folders and applications. It also supported drag and drop functionality and templates.

Os 2 2
IBM OS/2 2.0, Source: toastytech.com


Os 2 2
IBM OS/2 2.0, Source: toastytech.com


Windows 95 (released in 1995)

The user interface was completely re-designed since version 3.x. This was the first Windows version where a small close button was added to each window.

The design team gave states (enabled, disabled, selected, checked, etc.) to icons and other graphics. The famous Start button appeared for the first time.

This was a huge step forward for Microsoft regarding the operating system itself and the unified GUI.

Windows 95
Microsoft Windows 95, Source: guidebookgallery.org


Windows 95
Microsoft Windows 95, Source: guidebookgallery.org


1996 - 2000

OS/2 Warp 4 (released in 1996)

IBM released OS/2 Warp 4 which brought a significant facelift to the workspace.

Icons were placed on the desktop, where custom files and folders could also be created. The shredder appeared which was similar to Windows’ Recycle Bin or Mac OS’s Trash, except it deleted the file or folder instantly and didn’t store any additional copies for later retrieval.

Os 2 Warp 4
IBM OS/2 Warp 4, Source: toastytech.com


Os 2 Warp 4
IBM OS/2 Warp 4, Source: toastytech.com


Mac OS System 8 (released in 1997)

256 color icons were the default in this version of the GUI. Mac OS 8 was one of the early adopters of isometric style icons, also called pseudo-3D icons. The platinum grey theme used here became a trademark for future versions of the GUI.

Macos 8
Apple Mac OS 8, Source: guidebookgallery.org


Windows 98 (released in 199 8)

The icon styles were almost the same as in Windows 95, but the whole GUI could use more than 256 colors for rendering. Windows Explorer changed almost completely and the “Active Desktop” appeared for the first time.

Windows 98
Microsoft Windows 98, Source: toastytech.com


KDE 1.0 (released in 199 8)

This is how the KDE team described the project upon releasing version 1.0: “KDE is a network transparent, contemporary desktop environment for UNIX workstations. KDE seeks to fill the need for an easy to use desktop for Unix workstations, similar to the desktop environments found under the MacOS or Window95/NT. A completely free and open computing platform available to anyone free of charge including its source code for anyone to modify.”

800px-kde_10
Source: Wikipedia


BeOs 4.5 (released in 1999)

The BeOS operating system was developed for personal computers. It was originally written by Be In in 1991 to run on BeBox hardware. It was later further developed to take advantage of newer technologies and hardware such as symmetric multiprocessing by utilizing modular I/O bandwidth, pervasive multithreading, preemptive multitasking and a custom 64-bit journaling file system known as BFS. The BeOS GUI was developed on the principles of clarity and a clean, uncluttered design.

800px-beos_desktop
Source: Wikipedia


GNOME 1.0 (released in 1999)

GNOME desktop was mainly developed for Red Hat Linux, later it was developed for other Linux distributors as well.

Gnome 1
Red Hat Linux GNOME 1.0.39, Source: visionfutur.com


2001 - 2005

Mac OS X (released in 2001)

In early 2000 Apple announced their new Aqua interface and in 2001 the company released it with their brand new operating system called Mac OS X.

The default 32 x 32 and 48 x 48 icons were changed to big 128 x 128 anti-aliased and semi-transparent icons.

Lots of criticism followed after the release of this GUI. Apparently users were not quite ready for such a big change, but soon enough they adopted the new style and today this GUI represents the basis of all Mac OS X operating systems.

Mac osx 1
Apple Mac OS X 10.1 Source: guidebookgallery.org


Windows XP (released in 2001)

As Microsoft tends to change their GUI completely with every major operating system release, Windows XP was no exception. The GUI itself is skinnable, users could change the whole look and feel of the interface. The icons were 48 x 48 in size by default, rendered in millions of colors.

Windows xp
Microsoft Windows XP Professional, Source: guidebookgallery.org


KDE 3 (released in 2002)

Since version 1.0, the K Desktop Environment improved significantly. They polished all the graphics and icons and unified the whole user experience.

Kde 3
KDE 3.0.1, Source: netbsd.org


2007 - 2009 (current)

Windows Vista (released in 2007)

This was Microsoft’s response to their competition. They also included quite a lot of 3D and animation. Since Windows 98, Microsoft has always tried to improve the desktop. With Windows Vista they released widgets and a somewhat improved replacement of the Active Desktop.

Windows Vista
Microsoft Windows Vista, Source: technology.berkeley.edu


Mac OS X Leopard (released in 2007)

With their 6th generation, Mac OS X system Apple, once again improved the user interface. The basic GUI is still the Aqua with its candy scroll bars and platinum grey, blue colors. The new GUI features a more 3D look, with the 3D dock and lots more animation and interactivity.

Mac osx Leopard
Apple Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, Source: skattertech.com


GNOME 2.24 (200 8)

GNOME put a lot of effort into creating the themes and artwork into v2.2.4 as their aim is “to make your computer look good”. They ran a competition to collect some of the most intruiging desktop backgrounds that their contributors have produced for use in v2.24.

gnome_en_gb
Source: gnome.org

KDE (v4.0 Jan. 2008, v4.2 Mar. 2009)

Version 4 of K Desktop Environment produced many new improvements to the GUI such as animated, smooth, efficient window management and support for desktop widgets. The icons size are easily adjustable and almost every design element is much easier to configure. Some of the most noticeable changes include new icons, themes and sounds, which are provided by the Oxygen Project. These icons are more photorealistic. It is definitely a big improvement to the earlier versions of KDE. It can now also be run on Windows and Mac OS X platforms.

kde

转自：http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/03/operating-system-interface-design-between-1981-2009/

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我对免费空间的一些看法！

Posted on 2009-03-14 by

昨天看到一篇关于免费空间的文章，突然感慨万千！

想想以前曾经浪费了多少时间去寻找那些所谓的免费空间，一个个去申请，去试用，然后装上Z-blog或者WordPress，幻想着这样就拥有了自己的的独立博客，然后就可以随心所欲的写上自己感兴趣的东西，甚至幻想着通过google ad赚钱。

真是太天真了！

先不说世上没有免费的午餐，就说说别人为什么要为你提供免费的空间？？

  1. 为了给自己做广告，就像当初我注册的腾速网一样，由于刚刚建站，刚开始承诺蛮不错的，500M主机空间，支持asp，php，还不限流量，速度也跟我试用过的大多数收费空间差不多，但刚刚过了还不到一星期，突然网站又加了一条只能使用3个月了，要继续，请成为VIP。其实这样也还好，至少能用几个月，还一种像常来网，承诺的是永久免费，还支持asp，php……，可等你注册了以后才发现，能用的功能仅仅是上传一html文件，其他的诸如ftp，在线解压，asp，php……等等常用的功能都是需要邀请一定量的用户才能开通，大致算了下，即使你邀请两三百个用户都不一定能开通所有这些基本功能。
  2. 还有一种就是纯粹的垃圾站，目的只是想诱你上钩，特别是一些不知名的小站，随便花几百块买个国外的虚拟主机，再花一块钱买个CN域名，就开始了所谓的免费空间，记得曾经在一个免费资源站上看到一个叫OOFTP.CN的网站，速度、大小、支持的文件类型都很不错，所以我花了两天时间认真做了一个个人博客，还写了几篇文章，结果第三天网站居然莫名奇妙的消失了。还有一个叫5944的网站（貌似现在还在），与ooftp几乎是一模一样，结果两天后我的博客无法访问，但网站还可以访问，于是我有注册了一个用户，但不到一个星期又不能访问了。于是我好不容易在网站上找到了客服的qq号，结果他对我说的第一句话居然是：“你是VIP吗？”当我说不是时，他居然说，你办了VIP再来问我！
  3. 不过也有一种也确确实实是免费而且稳定的，像MySinaMail，51个人空间等等。但他们有一个致命的弱点就是他们只支持静态网页，却不支持asp或者php，试想现在个人用户除了专门研究html的还有谁会使用静态站点。但是这也不能全怪这些站点，动态站点确实要占用更多的CPU资源，而且现在有太多无良的人申请免费空间就仅仅只是为了木马收信！

通过这么多次的失败，我确实放弃了寻找免费空间的想法，想想我不知道在里面浪费额多少时间。而说实话现在的收费空间也不贵，国内的一般100一年就可以搞定，国外的如果找几个信任的人一起合租的话，一年甚至只要50左右。像这样的空间不仅稳定，速度快，而且往往还有cPanel控制面板，便于对博客的管理，而这么一点空间的费用如果你把找免费空间的时间用来认真写文章的话，加上几个Google ad很快就回来了。而且如果你对WordPress不是很熟悉的话，或者你只是刚刚开始写东西的的话，你也可以尝试像yo2或者ixiezi这样的WP博客托管服务。

所以，最后我也想对还在寻找免费空间路上的人说，不要像我以前一样浪费时间在不必要的东西上面。

Posted in 我的心情 | Tagged , , , | 10 Comments

一个支持直接外链，不限单个文件大小的网络硬盘Dropbox

Posted on 2009-03-13 by

第一次在52abc的独立博客（该博客域名貌似已到期）中看到了关于Dropbox的介绍，“Dropbox是一个跨平台的网络同步服务，其客户端支持Windows、Linux和Mac操作系统，免费账户拥有2G空间，单个文件大小并没有限制。”

 通过一段时间的试用，我发现dropbox确实是一个很不错的网络硬盘。

web界面如下图所示：web界面

 其中提供了最近的修改记录，便于了解自己网盘的的随时动向，避免别人修改！而且在“show deleted files”选项中还可以恢复已删除文件，就如同电脑中的回收站一样，这无疑是大多数网络硬盘所没有但又相当重要功能！

在dropbox中除pubic文件夹以外，其他文件夹默认都是不共享的这无疑也是为了文件的安全考虑的。对于pubic文件夹还有一个更重要的功能那就是支持文件直接外链 ，对于这个功能，说实话在国内基本上已经找不到了，不仅如此现在国内很多相册都不再支持此项功能，毕竟这是一个吃力不讨好的功能，提供了带宽却没有带来页面的流量，所以，在此我希望大家不要滥用人家的流量，毕竟人家的盈利模式还不明朗。

下面我提供我最喜欢的一首歌Avril的“innocence”的外部链接：

http://dl.getdropbox.com/u/466857/08%20-%20Innocence.mp3

 至于速度，我1.5M电信，上传50K左右，下载90K左右，比国内大多数网盘还是要快的多的，而且与Mofile等网盘相比，该网盘干干净净，没有一个广告！

至于缺点，当然是有的，免费用户只有2G的空间，还是略小了一点，不过毕竟刚刚结束内测不久，相信以后会为免费用户提供更大的空间，而且也还可以通过注册多个账号来获得更多的空间。

 最近dropbox为了推广，还为推广者提供额外空间，官方说明如下：

“You can earn 250MB (500MB if you're a subscriber) for each friend you refer to Dropbox. Referrals let you earn up to 3GB of extra space (6GB if you're a subscriber) just for inviting your friends to join Dropbox!”

以下为我的邀请链接：https://www.getdropbox.com/referrals/NTQ2Njg1Nzk

希望大家能支持我，毕竟写这么一篇文章也很辛苦！

为了让大家对dropbox，特别是它的客户端有更好的了解，下面还提供一篇不错的文章的链接：

http://www.15897.com/blog/post/Dropbox.html

Posted in ubuntu | Tagged , , , | 2 Comments

又有好久没来了！

Posted on 2009-03-13 by

居然又有这么久没来了！

原来人变懒是如此的简单，中间发生了这么多事 ，终于告别了情感的烦恼。既然两个人有不同的理想，不同的习惯，还有如此深的隔阂，那何苦非要在一起呢！

终于发现原来一个人的生活是如此美妙，不用苦思冥想去逗她开心，不用为了她的莫名举动而困惑，不用放弃自己的一切在她需要时随叫随到却换来了不理解……

一个人是如此自由！

那么让这一切都见鬼去吧！

好好享受以后的生活！

前段时间也有一些堕落，比如花在dota和守卫剑阁上的时间多了点，毕竟这只是游戏，玩玩就行了，不用太认真的！

那么以后的一切都重新开始吧！

Posted in 我的心情 | Leave a comment